The antimicrobial activity of Aparajitha Dhooma Choornam was evaluated against microbes commonly found in the manufacturing unit of the Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (CBE) Ltd located at Kanjikode. The study was attempted to discard the microbial contamination of flora of various sections of the manufacturing unit, thereby create an aseptic atmosphere for quality products. The choornam showed total inhibition of coliforms and reduced fungal growth.

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Antioxidants are the essential defense mechanism to protect the body against free radical damage. The objective of the study was to investigate the in vitro  antioxidant activity of different parts of Withania somnifera  (leaves, fresh tubers and dry tubers) towards free radical DPPH and the extent of inhibition of lipid peroxidation using hydrogen peroxide as prooxidant. The plant extracts exhibited significant antioxidant effect in the order as follows: leaves>fresh tubers>dry tubers. The results suggested that Withania somnifera  could be a potential source of antioxidants and may be used in preparations to combat free radical mediated damage.

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Ethanolic and Chloroform extract of leaves of Justicia beddomei  were evaluated separately for anthelmintic activity on adult Indian earthworms Pheretima posthuma , using Piperazine citrate as reference standard. The results indicated that ethanolic extract was more potent than the chloroform extract

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Caesalpinia digyna  Rottl. (Caesalpiniaceae) is shrubby perennial climber found in Eastern Ghats. Roots are astringent and used in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicines. Bergenin, Caesalpinine A and Caesalpinine C were isolated from the roots. However, this medicinal plant has not been studied pharmacognostically. Hence, the present investigation reports pharmacognostical and physicochemical properties of roots of Caesalpinia digyna .

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The clinical study was attempted to develop a holistic treatment module for the patients of osteoarthritis of the knee. The study was done in 10 patients of Osteoarthritis of knee. The patients were given Lakshadi Guggulu Tablet, Kalka patra -bandhan ( Bandage of medicinal paste) and Knee joint traction. The duration of treatment was 1 month with follow every week. At the end of 4 weeks, statistically significant results were found in the criteria of assessment specifically in severity of pain, deep grading of tenderness, walking distance and movement of knee joint(degree of flexion). Maximum response was observed in the deep grading of tenderness (76%). The combined therapy with Lakshadi .Guggulu, Kalka bandhan and traction therapy in the management of OA of the knee joint was very effective. It is essential to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this combination in a large population.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Pistacia integerrima, Cedrus deodara and Gymnema sylvestre against seven different microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas, Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus by using disc diffusion method. Preliminary studies with ethanol extract and water extract of plants indicated that the growth of test organism was markedly inhibited by ethanol extract of Pistacia integerrima and Gymnema sylvestre. But in case of Cedrus deodara, water extract was more effective. Efficacy of plant extract which showed variable inhibitory activity against each bacteria was compared to standard antibiotic (tetracyclin). The two extracts were subjected to qualitative analysis to find out phytoconstituents present . Results showed that Pistacia integerrima contained all the phytochemicals, so exhibited higher antibacterial activity.

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Natural products have numerous medicinal applications and play important roles in the biology of the organisms that accumulate them. Flavonoids are one large group of natural products with a diverse number of functions in plants and in human health. The isolates of the flowers of Ipomoea carnea  (Family: Convolvulaceae) was screened for wound-healing activity on the male wistar rats by Excision wound model and Incision wound model respectively. The studies on excision wound model reveals significant wound healing activity of the extract, which is comparable with the reference control sulphathiazole. The isolates of Ipomoea carnea  show significant activity on all wound models.

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Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of Triphala churnam  were carried out. The churnam of triphala consists of equal quantities of deseeded fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis.Triphala is exclusively used in more than 200 drug formulations in Indian system of Medicine. The present study involved the pharmacognostical evaluation of Triphala, in which morphological and powder microscopical characters were established. In addition, physico-chemical parameters such as ash values viz, total ash (10.21± 0.42), acid insoluble ash (2.54 ± 0.06), water-soluble ash (5.46±0.24) and sulphated ash (13.12 ± 0.63), extractive values viz, alcohol soluble extractive (11.20±0.18)) and water-soluble extractive (52.56±2.04), fluorescent analysis and microchmical tests were determined. The preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar and tannins in aqueous extract and carbohydrates, flavonoids and tannins in alcoholic extract. This standardization would be very much helpful for the identification of Triphala churnam  to differentiate from other powdered sources.

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Phenytoin is indicated for tonic clonic seizures and status epilepticus. Phenytoin is known to deplete vital nutrients such as calcium, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin K, biotin, carnitine, copper, selenium and zinc. Depletion of nutrients is known to cause adverse effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, lethargy, slurred speech and hematological disturbances. Spirulina is a rich source of vital nutrients including iron. It is proposed to study the effect of spirulina on the hematological disturbances induced by phenytoin. Seven groups of male albino rats weighing 130-150g were used. Each group consisted of six animals. Phenytoin at a dose of 20mg/kg/day dissolved in water, spirulina 50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day suspended in 1% tween 80 alone or in combination with phenytoin was administered for 30 days. Hemoglobin content, total leucocyte and erythrocyte count were determined on 30th day. Phenytoin significantly decreased the hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte and leukocyte count. Spirulina did not show any effect at the lower dose of 50 and 100mg/kg and higher dose of 200mg/ kg significantly elevated hemoglobin content. Spirulina at a dose of 200mg/kg/day in combination with phenytoin reversed the phenytoin induced decrease in hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte and leukocyte count. The results of this study indicates that supplementation of phenytoin with spirulina may reverse the hematological disturbances induced by phenytoin.

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